内部资料：中考英语词语解析
a,an art. 1.1、a boy一个男生 / an egg 一只鸡蛋 / have a look 看一看 2.任何…都：A bird has wings. 鸟有翅膀。3.每：He comes home once a week. 他每周回一次家。4.某，某一个：A Mr. Black just came to see you. 刚刚一个叫布莱克先生的人来看你。
1.用 a 还是用an：一般说来，在辅音或半元音开头的词前用a，而在元音开头的词前用an。注意：有的以元音字母开头的单词，因为第一个音不是元音而是辅音，其前仍用a而不需要an：a university student一个大学生 / a European country一个欧洲国家 2.单数可数名词若泛指，其前需加 a / an，不要从汉语习惯出发，漏掉此不定冠词，如不可以说Her father is famous film poet. 3.不可以与指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格等连用，如不说 my a good friend，可改说 a good friend of mine。
able adj. 有能力的，可以，能干的：He is an able man. 他是一个有能力的人。/ He was able to do the work. 他能做这工作。
be able to do sth 与 can有什么区别，参见 can。
about prep. 1.在…各处，到处：The children ran about the house. 孩子子在家到处跑。2.在…附近，离…不远：He looked about him now and then. 他不时地环顾四周。3.关于，对于，涉及：Tell me something about your family. 请告诉我一些你的家庭状况。4.在…身上，在…身边，在手头上：Have you any money about you? 你身上带钱了吗？adv. 1.大约：about 100 students went there. 大约有100名学生去了那儿。2.到处，各处：The books were lying about on the floor. 书散置在地上。3.在附近，在周围：There was nobody about. 附近无人。
How[What] about ... …如何：How about having a rest? 休息一会儿怎么样? / What about a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何?
about与on：两者都可表示“关于”，其不同是：about 指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事，其谈论的内容较为普通；而 on 则指比较有系统地或理论性较强地论述某事，其论述的内容较正式或较严肃。比较：It is a book on birds. 那是一本论及鸟类的书。 / It is a book about birds. 那是一本关于鸟的书。
1.不要按汉语意思在一些及物动词后误加介词 about, 如不可以说 discuss about sth 讨论某事，consider about sth 考虑某事。2.在动词 know, hear, speak 等之后用不需要介词 about / of，含义有差别，比较：know sb 认识某人 / know of sb 了解有某人 / know about sb 了解有关某人的事或状况 / hear sb 听到某人 / hear of sb听说过某人 / hear about sb 听到关于某人的事或状况
above prep. 1.高于，高出，在…上方：We were flying above the clouds. 大家在云层上面飞行。2.超越，胜过：Health is above wealth. 健康胜过财富。 adv. 在上面，在前面：Her bedroom is just above. 她的房间就在上面。
1. above与over：两者都可表示“高于”，over 主要表示垂直在上的正上方，而above 则未必表示正上方：They built a new room above[over] the garage. 他们在车房上加盖了一个新房间。/ He stayed at the hotel above the lake. 他住在可以俯视湖泊的旅馆里。2.若含有动态或覆盖的意味，一般用 over，而不需要 above：He flew over to London. 他飞到了伦敦。/ Cover her over with a sheet. 用床单把她盖起来。
abroad adv. 到海外：He lives abroad. 他住在海外。/ He went abroad. 他出国了。
是副词，不是名词，因此不可以与 in, to, at 等介词连用；其前也不需要冠词，不说 go to abroad / go to the abroad。
accident n.[C]事故，意料之外事件：He had an accident. 他出事了。/ I’m sorry I broke the glass. It was an accident. 我非常抱歉打破了玻璃杯，这完全是无意的。
across prep.穿过，跨过，到…的另一边：There is a bridge across the river. 河的两边有桥相连。/ We swam across the river. 大家游到河了对岸。adv. 穿过，跨过，从一边到另一边：Can you swim across? 你能游过对岸去吗？
across 与 through：前者指在面上穿过，后者指在里面或在肯定范围内穿过：walk across the playground 走过操坪 / walk through a forest 走过森林
across 用作介词或副词，不可以用作动词。比较：cross 是动词。如：go across a bridge 过桥 / cross a bridge 过桥
active adj.积极的，活泼的，活跃的：She is very active. 她很活跃。/ He takes an active part in school activities. 他积极参加学校各项活动。
activity n. 1.[U]活动，活力：The house has been full of activity all day. 房屋里整天都非常热闹。2.[C]行动，活动：school activities 学校活动 / social activities 社会活动 / sports activities 体育活动 / Old people seem to love this activity. 老年人好像非常喜欢这种活动。
侧重指一种繁忙或充满活力的状况时，不可数；侧重指具体所做的事情，如工作、娱乐、消遣等，则可数，且一般用复数。
ad n.[C]广告。参见adverti百度竞价推广ent。
address n.[C]住址，通讯处：a return address 回信地址 / change one’s address 改变地址 / What’s your office address? 你的办公地址在什么地方？
询问某人的地址时，可说 What's your address? 不说 Where's your address? 但不如Where do you live? 普通。
adverti百度竞价推广ent[ ] n.[C]广告：He put an adverti百度竞价推广ent in the paper. 他在报上登广告。/ The wall was covered with adverti百度竞价推广ents. 墙上贴满了广告。
1. adverti百度竞价推广ent 也可略作 advert 或 ad：ads for selling cars 销售汽车的广告2. adverti百度竞价推广ent 是可数名词，advertising为不可数名词：The magazine contains a great deal of advertising. 这本杂志广告不少。
advice n.[U]忠告，劝告，建议：I’m sure that’s good advice. 我一定那是好主意。/ That's my advice to you. 那就是我给你出的主意。
是不可数名词，不可说 an advice, a good advice, some advices 等，要表示数目，需借用单位词piece：a piece of advice, two pieces of advice。
advise vt. 1.忠告，劝告，建议：He advised leaving early. 他建议早点动身。/ He advised me not to go. 他建议我不要去。
后接动词作宾语时，要用动名词，而不需要不定式，但若其后接有名词或代词作宾语，则可接不定式，即不可说advise to do sth，但可说 advise sb to do sth。
aeroplane n.[C]飞机：fly an aeroplane 驾驶飞机 / We went there by aeroplane. 大家乘飞机去那儿。
aeroplane 为英国英语，在美国英语中用 airplane，两者均可简化为 plane。
afford vt.买得起，花得起：I can’t afforda computer. 我买不起电脑。/Are you able to afford the time for a holiday? 你有空闲去度假吗？
1.一般与 can, could, be able to 连用。2.其后可接不定式，但不接动名词。
afraid adj. 1.害怕的，恐惧的：Don't be afraid. 别怕。/ She is afraid of dogs. 她怕狗。2.担忧的：I'm afraid that he won't come. 我担忧他不会来。/ "Is he not coming?" "I am afraid not." “他不来吗?”“看来不会。”
1.一般用作表语，不需要于名词前作定语。2.是形容词，不是动词，所以可说 Don't be afraid，不可说 Don't afraid。3.比较be afraid to do sth 与 be afraid of doing sth：前者表示害怕做某事或不敢做某事，后者有两个意思，一是表示害怕做某事，二是表示担忧会发生某状况：I'm afraid to tell[of telling] her. 我不敢告诉她。/ I was afraid of hurting her feelings. 我怕伤了她的感情。
Africa n. 非洲：East Africa 东部非洲 / I’ve been to
African adj. 非洲的，非洲人的：African countries 非洲国家 n.[C] 非洲人
after prep.在…后面，在…将来：the year after next 后年 / after school 放学后 / after dinner 吃饭后 / Shut the door after you. 请随手关门。/ Read after me, please. 请跟我读。 adv.在后，后来：He arrived soon after. 他不久就到了。conj.在…将来：I'll have a walk after I finish my work. 我做完事后要散步。
1. after与behind：前者主要指位次的先后，后者主要指地方的前后。2. after与in：两者均可表示在一段时间之后，其不同是：after 以过去时间为起点，一般连用过去时态；而in 则以目前时间为起点，一般连用以后时态。注意：某表示在某一点时间之后，则只可以用after：I'll come back after 4 o'clock. 我4点钟将来回来。
after 用作连词引导时间状语从句时，要用一般目前时表示以后意义，而不可以直接用以后时态。
afternoon n.[C,U]下午，午后：late in the afternoon 傍晚 / Good afternoon.下午好! / an afternoon sleep 午睡 / afternoon tea 下午茶 / We have sports in the afternoon. 大家下午进行体育活动。
1.泛指一般下午，其前用介词in，若特指具体某天的下午，则用介词 on：on the afternoon of May 25 在5月25日的下午 2.当 afternoon 与 this, that, every, yesterday, tomorrow, one 等连用时，其前不需要in, on 等介词，也不需要冠词。3.在美国英语中，当表示天天下午或在任何一个下午时，可用复数形式：I'm always at home afternoons. 下午我总在家。/ We play basketball on Saturday afternoons. 大家每一个星期六下午都打篮球。
again adv.再一次；又，再：See you again. 再见。/ Please say that again. 请再说一遍。/ Try again. 再试一次。/ He was late again. 他又迟到了。
1.一般不可以与那些已含有again 意义的词汇连用。2. again and again 一再地，反复地：He made the same mistake again and again. 他反复地犯同样的错误。
against prep. 1.反对：Are you for or against the plan? 你对这个计划是赞成还是反对？2.逆，违反：He swam against the tide. 他逆流而游。/ That’s against the law. 那是违法的。3.倚着，靠着：His desk is against the wall. 他的课桌靠着墙。
against 是介词，不是动词，所以要说 Are you against the plan？而不可以说 Do you against the plan?
age n.1.[C]年龄：What's your age? 你多少岁了？ / She is 60 years of age. 她60岁了。 / He died at the age of 80. 他80岁过世。2.[C]长期：It took us ages to do it. 做这事花了大家很久。
1.表示年龄的 age 一般不需要 young 来修饰，如不说 young age 或 His age is young。但有趣的是，old age和 middle age却是合符习惯的表达。2.表示“长期”时，一般用复数，也可以用单数：We waited for ages[an age]. 大家等了很长时间。
ago adv. 以前：long, long ago 很长时间很长时间以前 / He left an hour ago. 他1小时前离开的。/ That was over 30 years ago. 那是30多年前的事了。
ago与before：ago 不单独用，而和表示一段时间的词汇连用，表示从目前起的以前，与一般过去时连用；before则立足于过去，表示从过去某一时刻起的若干时间以前，一般与过去完成时连用。如果是泛指“以前”，则before也可与目前完成时或一般过去时连用：Inever met her before. 我以前从未见过她。
agree v. 1.赞同，赞成：Do you agree? 你赞同吗? / He agreed to stay. 他赞同留下。/ We agree with what you say. 大家赞同你说的。2.与…一致：His words do not agree with his actions. 他言行不同。/The food does not agree with me. 这食物对我不合适。
1. agree with 表示赞同某人或某人的建议、想法、剖析、讲解等：I quite agree with you. 我完全赞同你的建议。表示“对…适合”：Hard work does not agree with him. 艰苦的工作对他不适合。表示“与…一致”：A verb must agree with its subject in person and number. 动词需要和它的主语在人称和数方面维持一致。2. agree to 赞同、答应、同意：He agreed to the plan. 他赞同了这个计划。
其后可接不定式，但不可以接不定式的复合结构，即不可以说 agree sb to do sth。如汉语的“他赞同我早点回家”，不可以译为 He agreed me to go home early，可译为 He agreed to let me go home early.
ah interj.啊！呀！
aha interj.啊哈：Aha, you’re here. 啊哈，你在这儿！
ahead adv. 在前面，向前：two miles ahead前方两英里 / Look out. There's danger ahead. 当心，前面有危险。/
ahead 是副词，不是名词，所以不可以说 in the ahead之类的。
air n.[U]空气，天空，大方：in the open air 在户外 / enjoy the cool air 享受凉爽的空气 / Birds fly in the air. 鸟在空中飞翔。
by air 乘飞机：We decided to go by air. 大家决定乘飞机去。
airport n.[C] 航空站，飞机场：at the airport 在机场
alive adj. 1.活着的：He must be still alive. 他肯定还活着。/ The man was buried alive. 这个人被活埋了。2.活泼的，活动的，有活力的：Although she is old, she is still very much alive. 她虽已年迈，但仍非常活跃。
一般不需要 very 修饰，但可用 much 或 very much 修饰。
alive, living与live：alive 一般不需要于名词前作定语，主要用于人和动物；living 可用作表语或定语，可用于人或物；live 表示“活的”，主要用于动物和植物，且主要用作前置定语：live fish活鱼。
all[] adj.全部的，所有些，整个的：all students 所有孩子 / all that time 整个那段时间 / all year 全年 / all the money 所有些钱 / Don't eat all that bread! 别把那块面包都吃了！/ Are all the students here today? 今天所有些学生都到了吗? pron. 全体，全部：all of them 他们当中所有人 / all of the money 所有些钱 / That's all I wanted to say. 我想说的就那些。adv. 全部地，都：He lives all by himself. 他自己生活。/ That's all wrong. 那就完全错了。
1. above all 第一，非常重要的是：Above all, he was not rich. 非常重要的是他没钱。 2. after all 毕竟，终究：After all it is not so hard as it looks. 毕竟不像看着那样难。3. all along 一直，一向：I knowit all along. 我一直了解这事。4. all over 到处，结束：all over the country 遍及全国 5. in all 总计，全部：There were twenty students in all. 总共有20个学生。6. not at all 一点也不，根本不；没关系，别客气：It’s not difficult at all. 一点也不难。/ “Thank you.” “Not at all.” “谢谢你。”“不客气。”
1.与定冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格等连用时，应放在这类词之前而不是之后，并且一般还可在其间加介词of：allthe books 所有这类书 2.在人称代词之前只可以用 all of，而在单独用的名词之前只可以用 all：all of us 大家所有些人，但不可以说 all us 或 all of children。3.用作主语同位语时，其地方可能不是紧跟在主语之后，而一般放在行为动词之前，特殊动词之后：They were all asleep. 大家都睡着了。
all, every与each：三者都可用来概括全体，但强调重点不同：all是整体性地考虑总体，every是考虑总体中的所有成员，each是逐个逐个地考虑总体。 all 和 each 既可作形容词，也可用作代词；而 every 却只可以用作形容词，不可以用作代词。如可说all books 所有些书 / Each is good. 每一个都非常不错，但不可说every of the books / Every is good。 each 指两者或两者以上的“每一个”，every 指三者或三者以上“每一个”，因此指两者时只可以用 each：There are trees on each side of the road. 路两边都有树。
allow vt.允许，准许：I can't allow such a thing. 我不允许发生如此的事。/ Smoking is not allowed here. 此处不准抽烟。/ No smoking allowed. 禁止抽烟。/ Allow me to introduce Mr. Smith. 请允许我介绍一下史密斯先生。
其后可接名词、代词、动名词或不定式的复合结构等作宾语, 但不直接跟不定式或从句作宾语。
allow与permit：前者一般指上级、规则或法令等表示的准许，其语气较重；而 allow 一般指消极地不加反对，有时含有听任或默许之意，语气较轻：The nurse allowed him to remain there，though it was not permitted. 护士让他留在那儿，而按规定那是不许可的。
almost adv. 几乎，差不多：It's almost time to go. 差不多是走的时候了。/ We met almost every day. 大家几乎天天见面。/ I had almost forgotten to ring her. 我差点忘了给她打电话。
almost 与nearly：前者可以与no, none, nobody, nothing, never等否定词连用而后者一般不如此用：Almost no one believed her. 几乎无人相信她。/ I almost never see her. 我几乎从未见过她。但，在否定动词之前两者均可用：They almost didn't catch the bus. 他差点没赶上公共汽车。
注意不要与 most 混淆：可说 Most of the people have read it. 大部分人都读过它。但不可以说Almost of the people have read it.
alone adj. 单独的，一个人的：I want to be alone. 我想一个人呆着。/ We are not alone in thinking so. 不仅仅是大家如此想。adv. 1.一个人地，单独地：He lives alone. 他单独生活。/ He sat there alone. 他自己坐在那儿。2.只有，仅仅：He alone can do it. 这事只有他能做。/ Money alone cannot make you happy. 光是资金不可能使你幸福。
用作形容词时，只能作表语，不可以用于名词前作定语；用作副词时，除表示“一个人”外，还可表示“仅仅”，要放在所修饰的词汇之后：He alone can do it. 这事只有他才做得了。
along prep.沿着，顺着：We walked along the road. 大家沿着马路往前走。/ There are trees along the river bank. 河岸上种着树。adv. 一道，向前：Come along! 来吧! / Move along, please. 请往前走。/ He asked me to pass the note along.他叫我把条子传过去。/ I took my camera along. 我带了照相机去。
表示“一块”等，有时可看作是省略了 with sb：Bring your girl friend along, too. 把你的女友也一块带来。
aloud adv. 出声地，大声地：read aloud 朗读 / think aloud 自言自语地说 / The pain made her cry aloud. 疼痛使她大声哭叫。
already adv.已经：It is already dark. 天已黑了。/ He has already left. 他已离开了。/ I’ve finished my work. 我已做完了我的工作。
1.一般用于一定句，不需要于否定句或疑问句，不过有时在疑问句中也用它，主如果用来表示惊讶：Is he back already? 他如何就回来了? 2.除用于完成时外，还可用于动作动词的进行时与状况动词的一般目前时或一般过去时等：It's already late. 已经非常迟了。/ He already knew about it. 那时他已了解此事了。/ When I came in，he was already laying the table. 我进去时，他已在摆桌子了。
also adv. 也，还，而且：He is also ill. 他也病了。/ He has also seen the film. 他也看过这部电影。/ That dress is pretty, and cheap also. 那件衣服非常漂亮，而且实惠。
not only…but also… 不但…而且…：She likes not only music but also sport. 她不但喜欢音乐而且喜欢运动。
also, either, too与as well：also, too 和 as well 都用于一定句和疑问句，但地方不同，also大多放在主要动词之前或动词be、情态动词、助动词之后；too一般放在句末，可用逗号隔开，也可不需要；as well一般置于句末，一般不需要逗号隔开。either 只用于否定句，且只能放在句末。
although conj. 尽管，虽然：Although it was snowing, it was not very cold. 虽然在下雪，但并非非常冷。/ There is air around us, although we can’t see. 尽管大家看不见，但大家的周围全是空气。
1.不要依据汉语习惯，在后面用连词 but, 不过有时它可与 yet, still等副词连用。2.若主从句主语相同，且从句谓语含有动词be，可将从句主语和动词 be 省略：Althoughquite young, he knows a lot. 虽然非常年轻, 但他非常懂事了。
although与though： 用作连词表示“虽然”，两者常可换用。 在 as though，even though等固定短语中不可以用 although。
always adv. 一直，一直，永远：The sun always rises in the east. 太阳一直从东方升起。/ It's always the same, year after year. 年年一直这样。/ They always argue about money. 他们一直为钱争吵。/ I will love you always. 我将永远爱你。
一般与一般目前时连用，也可与目前完成时和目前进行时等连用：We have always believed he was honest. 我一直觉得他是错的。/ He's always smiling. 他一直面带笑容。 一般放在实义动词之前或动词be、情态动词、助动词等之后，但有时为了强调也可将它放在助动词等之前，有时甚至还可放在句首或句末：He always was late.他总是迟到。 与not构成部分否定，此时always一直要放在not之后：He doesn't always come late. 他并不是一直迟到。
am v. 1.是，在：I’m a student. 我是学生。/ I’m here. 我在这儿。2.：I’m waiting for her. 我在等他。
am 是动词be的一种形式，用于主语 I之后。但，若I与其他词汇一块构成主语，则其后不需要am：Both he and I are ill. 他和我都病了。
a.m. / am 上午：the
1.意义等于in the morning，所以不可以与in the morning 连用，如不说at 7 a.m. in the morning。2.不单独用，要与表示时间的数字连用。3.不可以与o'clock连用，如不说at 9 o'clock a.m.
amaze vt.使吃惊：Her knowledge amazes me. 她的学识令我吃惊。/ Your letter has amazed me. 你的信使我惊讶。
amazing adj. His story was really amazing. 他的故事简直让人吃惊。/ He is a very amazing person. 他是一个很让人惊异的人。
“美国”的正式名字是 the United States of America，美国人常称我们的国家为 the United States 或 the States。
American n.[C] 美国人：The Americans like it. 美国人喜欢它。adj.美国的：American English 美式英语 / She is American. 她是美国人。
among prep. 在…中间，在之间：I didn't find her among the crowd. 我没在人群中找到她。/ The town lies among the mountains. 这座小城市处于群山萦绕之中。/ I was among the first to come. 我是来得最早的一个。
among与between：前者一般用于三者或三者以上的“在…中间”，其宾语一般是一个表示笼统数目或具备复数意义的名词或代词；而 between 一般指两者之间，其宾语总是是表示两者的名词或代词。
and conj. 1.和，同，与，加：Both he and she like it. 他和她都爱它。/ It becomes better and better. 它变得愈加好。 / We ran and ran. 大家跑呀跑呀。/ Come and have a drink. 来喝一杯。2.然后，接着：She read for an hour and went to bed. 她读了一小时的书，然后就去睡了。3.那样：Work hard and you'll succeed.努力干吧,你会成功的。
用在 good, nice, fine 等之后，表示“非常”、“挺”：good and fast 非常快 / nice and warm 挺暖和 在主从复合句中，不要在主句前误加and，如不可以说：If he said so, and he is a liar. 在否定词之后一般用or代之，比较：He spoke loudly and clearly. 他说话声音宏亮且明确。/ He didn't speak loudly or clearly. 他说话声音不大且不 明确。
angel n. 1.[C]天使，守护神 2.[C]安琪儿
angry a. 生气的，愤怒的：an angry crowd愤怒的人群 / I was angry with myself for making such a stupid mistake. 我由于有这么愚蠢的错误而在生我们的气。
1.表示“对某生活气”，一般用介词 with，有时也用 at，但不可以用to：The teacher got angry with[at] me. 老师对我生气了。2.表示“对某事生气”，一般用介词 at ：He was rather angry at what you said. 他告诉你的话相当生气。/ I was angry about missing the film.没看上那部电影我非常气恼。
animal n.[C]动物：wild animals 野生动物 / I've read a lot of books about animals. 我看了很多关于动物的书。/ New animals are discovered every year. 新的动物每年都有发现。
表示“动物”，有以下几层意思：一是表示与植物相对的“动物”：Dogs, cats and monkeys are all animals, and man is also an animal. 狗、猫和猴子都是动物, 而且人也是动物。二是表示与人相对的“动物”：Was it a man or an animal? 那是人还是野兽? 三是表示与鸟、鱼、虫等相对的“四足动物”或“兽”：The boys saw both large animals and beautiful birds in the zoo. 孩子们在动物园里既看到了大动物又看到了漂亮的鸟。
another adj. 1.再一个，另一个：Would you like another drink? 要再来一杯吗？/ Don’t lose heart. Have another try. 别灰心，再试一次。 2.别的，不一样的：We can do it another time. 大家可以下次做它。 pron. 1.另一个人：Can I have another? 我可以再来一个吗? 2.不是同一个人：I don’t like this pen, please show me another. 我不喜欢这支钢笔，请另拿一支给我看看。
1. one after another 一个又一个地，一个接一个地，相继地：One after another all his plans have failed. 他的计划都一一失败了。2. one another 互相，彼此：Students should help one another. 学生应该互相帮助。
1. another 泛指多个中的“另外一个”，若特指两个当中的另一个，则用the other：Please close the other eye. 请把另一只双眼也闭上。2.后接名词时，一般应是单数，若修饰复数名词，则复数名词前应有数词或few等修饰：another three questions 另外3个问题 / another few days 另外几天
answer n.[C]1.回答，回信，回话，回话：Her answer was that she was ill. 她的回答是她病了。/ Have you had an answer to your letter? 你那封信有回音了没？/ I rang the bell, but there was no answer. 我按了门铃，但无人来开门。2.[C]答案，解决方法：The answer is wrong. 答案错了。v. 回答，回信，回话：I asked her what the matter was, but she didn’t answer. 我问她出了什么事，但她没回答。/ The telephone rang and Daddy went to answer it .电话铃响，父亲去接了。
answer与reply：两者均可表示“回答”，但 answer 属常用词，多用于一般性应答，而 reply 则较正式，多指经过考虑而作出回话，若不细分，两者可换用。但，answer 可自由地用作及物或不及物动词，而 reply 除后接 that 从句或引出直接引语是及物动词外，一般只用作不及物动词，其后若接名词或代词作宾语，应借用介词 to：answer[reply to] a question 回答问题
1.表示“…的答案”，其后一般接介词to：What was the answer to question 4? 第4个问题的答案是什么？2.用作动词时，可接双宾语：Can you answer me this? 你能回答我这一点吗？
anxious adj. 1.忧虑的，焦急的：We are anxious about his safety. 大家为他的安全而忧虑。2.渴望的：He is anxious to study at that university. 他渴望到那所大学上学。
any adj. 1.一些，一点：Have you any friends? 你有朋友吗？ / I don’t have any money. 我没钱。/ Put up your hands if you have any questions. 有问题请举手。2.任何：Take any book you like. 你喜欢哪本书就拿哪本。/ Any child would know that. 任何孩子都了解这事。 pron. 1. 一些，一点：Do you want any? 你要一些吗？/ I can't give you any. 我一点也不可以给你了。2.任何一个：Take any you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。adv.完全，任何程度：Is your father any better? 你爸爸好点了吗？/ Buy it if it is any good[use]. 假如有用就买了它。/ The children didn’t behave any too well. 孩子们的表现并未见好。
1.表示“任何”，指三者或三者以上当中的任何一个，不可以指两者中的任意一个，指两者中的任意一个，要用either，因此可说either of my parents，但不说 any of my parents；可说 either side of the road, 不说 any side of the road。2.在表示请求或邀请的疑问句中，一般要用some，而不需要any：Why not give her some advice? 为何不给她提些建议呢? / Would you like some coffee? 喝咖啡吗? 3.按英语习惯，any 用于否定句时，应出目前否定词之后而不是之前，如可说 I haven’t any friends，但不可以说 Any friend didn't help me。
anybody pron. 其他人，无论哪个：Is there anybody here? 这里有人吗？/ I didn’t know anybody at the party. 聚会上的人我一个也不认识。/ Anybody can do it. 这件事每人都能做。
1.不要受汉语习惯的影响将“无论哪个来都受青睐”这种句子直译为Anybody comes is welcome，正确的译文为Anybody who comes is welcome。2.用于否定句时，需要要出目前否定词之后而不是之前，如不说 Anybody didn't go there. 要表达此意可说 Nobody went there。3.其后一般不可以接 of 短语，若语义上需要接这种短语，可用any one：I don't know any one of these children. 这类孩子当中我一个也不认识。
anyone pron. 其他人，无论哪个。参见anybody。
anything pron. 啥事，任何事：Did he say anything? 他怎么说了吗？I didn’t buy anything. 我什么也没买。/ We could talk about anything. 大家谈什么都可以。/ He won’t tell me anything. 他们什么也不告诉我。
1.与否定词连用时，否定词应置于其前，而不是其后。如不可以说 Anything cannot prevent me from going. 可改用Nothing can prevent me from going. 什么也不可以阻挡我去。2.修饰anything的形容词应置于其后：There isn’t anything interesting in the newspaper today. 今天的报纸上没一点有趣的东西。
anywhere adv. 1.在什么地方，某个地方，任何地方：Are you going anywhere this Saturday? 这个星期六你计划去什么地方吗？/ If you want to go anywhere else, let me know. 你要到别的什么地方去，就告诉我一声。/ You can sit anywhere you like. 你坐什么地方都行。/ Put the box down anywhere. 把箱子放在什么地方都行。
虽为副词，但有时可用作主语或宾语，等于名词 any place：“Where should I put it?” “Anywhere will do.” “我把它放什么地方?”“随意哪儿都行。”
apologize vi.道歉，认错：She apologized to her teacher for coming to school late. 她因迟到而向老师道歉。/ I do apologize for taking so long to reply to your letter. 这么久才回信，我实在过意不去。
是不及物动词，表示向某人道歉，后接介词 to；表示由于某事道歉，后接介词for。
apology n.[C,U]道歉，歉意：accept an apology 同意道歉 / refuse an apology 拒绝道歉 / Please accept my apologies. 请同意我的歉意。/ I must make an apology to your aunt for forgetting her birthday. 我把你婶婶的过生日给忘了，得向她道歉。
appear vi.出现：The stars appear at night. 星星在晚上出现。/ His article appeared in yesterday’s paper. 他的文章登在昨天的报上。/ “Are they reliable?” “It appears so[not].” “他们可不可信?”“好像是靠谱的。”
1.是不及物动词，因此不可以有宾语，也不可以用于被动语态。2.比较同义句：It appears that he is ill.=He appears to be ill. 他好像病了。
apple n.[C]苹果：three apples 3个苹果 / apple juice 苹果汁
April n. 4月：April Fool's Day 愚人节
1.表示“在4月”，其前用介词in，若表示在4月的某1日，则用介词on，如on Aprial 25 在4月25日。2.其前一般不需要冠词，若特指可用定冠词，如果是不确指，可用不定冠词：the April of 1996 1996年的4月 / That happened in a warm April. 那事发生在一个温暖的4月。
are v. 1.是，在：They are old. 他们老了。/ We are friends. 大家是朋友。2.：They are singing. 他们在唱歌。/ They are taught many subjects at school. 他们在学校里学不少课程。
arm n.[C]手臂：The mother carries her baby in her arms. 妈妈怀抱婴儿。/ He took her by the arm. 他抓住她的手臂。
arm in arm 臂挽着臂：He was seen walking arm in arm with a lady. 有人看见她与一位女性臂挽着臂同行。
armchair n.[C]扶手椅。
一般说 sit in the armchair，而不说 sit on the armchair。比较：in[on] the chair。
army n.[C]1.军队：He joined the army at the age of 18. 他十八岁参军。
表示“参军”，除用join the army外，还可用enter[go into] the army，但均为非延续性动词，均不与一段时间连用，如“他参军10年了”不可以译成He has joined the army for 10 years. 而说He joined the army 10 years ago或He has been in the army for 10 years。
around prep. 1.在…周围，环绕：The moon turns around the earth. 月球绕着地球转。2.在…的各处，遍及：The boy left his toys around the room. 男生把玩具丢得满屋都是。/ Would you like to walk around the factory this afternoon? 今天下午到工厂的各处走走怎么样? 3. 在…的附近，在…身边：He lives somewhere around London. 他住在伦敦附近。/ Is there a post office around here? 这附近有邮局吗？4.大约： It cosplayts around[round] 10 dollars. 大约要花10USD。5.绕过，拐弯： Let’s go around the town, not through it. 大家绕过这个城镇而不要从中穿过去吧。adv. 1.在周围，在附近：He looked around. 他向四周看看。/ Is there anybody around? 这儿有人吗？2.到处，各处：Children were playing around on the sand. 孩子们在沙地上到处玩 / From all around we heard cries. 大家到处都听到哭声。3.环绕，绕圈： The tree measures two meters around. 这树周长
比较副词使用方法和介词使用方法： show sb around 带某人到处看看 / show sb around the factory 带某人在工厂到处看看 The road goes around by the lake. 这条路绕着湖。
arrive vi. 1.到达，达到：arrive in a city 到达一个城市 / arrive at a station 到达一个车站 / arrive home 到家 2.到来：The time has arrived for action. 行动的时刻到了。3.达到，达成：At last we arrived at an agreement. 最后大家达成了协议。
arrive, get与reach：三者均可表示“到达”，不同如下：1. arrive 和 get 为不及物动词，前者较正式，后者则较口语化。两者之后均不可接宾语，但可接 here, there, home 之类的表地址的副词作状语。要表示“到达某地”，需借用适合介词：arrive at / in a place ，get to a place 等。2. reach 为及物动词，其后可直接跟地址名词作宾语，同时它也可后接 here, there, home 等词。
art n.[U,C]艺术，美术：modern art 现代艺术 / fine arts 美术 / Art is long; life is short. 艺术长久，生活短暂。2.[C,U]技艺，技术：the useful arts 技术，工艺 / He is good at the art of making friends. 他擅长交友。/ Language teaching is both a science and an art. 语言教学既是一门科学又是一门艺术。
artist n.[C]1.艺术家，美术家。2.艺人
as prep. 1.仿佛，好似：He was dressed as a policeman. 他打扮得像个警察。/ The bread was as hard as a brick. 这面包硬得像块砖。2. 看作，当作：I only said it as a joke. 我说那话只不过开玩笑的。/ They treated me as a friend. 他们把我当朋友。3. 以…身份，作为：He was famous as a scholar. 作为一位学者他非常著名。/ As your doctor, I advise you to eat less. 作为你的大夫，我劝你少吃些。4.当…时：As a child he was sent to six different schools. 他儿时前后上过6所学校。/ She showed me a portrait of her mother as a young woman. 她给我看了一张她妈妈年轻时候的肖像。conj. 1.当…的时候，一面…一面，伴随：He fell asleep as he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。/ He sang as he was taking a bath. 他一边洗澡一边唱歌。/ As time passed, things seemed to get worse. 伴随时间的推移，状况好像变得更糟了。2.由于，因为：As you weren't there, I left a message. 因为你不在，我留了个信儿。3.好似，像…一样，根据：Do as I do. 照我的样子做。/ Leave the table as it is. 不要动这桌子。/ It is not so easy as you think. 这不像你想像的那容易。adv. 1.和…一样，同样地：He swims fast, but I swim as fast . 他游泳游得快，但我也游得那样快。/ He has a lot of books, but I don't have as[so] many. 他有不少书，但我却没那样多。2.比如：I was wearing clothes for dirty work, as when gardening. 我穿着做粗活的衣服，如栽花种草时所穿的衣服。
1. as...as 与…一样，不但…而且：He gets up as early as I[me]. 他起床与我一样早。/ She is as clever asbeautiful. 她既聪明又漂亮。2. as if / as though仿佛，仿佛：We've missed the bus. It looks as if we'll have to walk. 大家错过了公共汽车，看来大家得走路了。/ They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人。
1.与because, since, for 有什么区别，参见 because。2. 与when, while 有什么区别，参见 when。
Asia n. 亚洲：South East Asia 东南亚 /
Asian adj.亚洲的，亚洲人的：Asian countries 亚洲国家 n.[C]亚洲人
ask v.1.问，询问：I asked her a question. 我问了她一个问题。/ Ask him who he is. 问问他是哪个。/ You must ask if you don't know . 你不懂就得问。2.请求，需要：Ask him to go upstairs. 请他上楼来。/ He asked to go alone. 他需要一个人去。/ He asked for some water. 他要些水。3.邀请，约请：I asked her to dinner. 我请她吃饭。
1. ask about 询问：She asked about his health. 她询问他的健康情况。/ Can I ask about the exam results? 我可以问问考试结果吗? 2. ask for 需要，请求：He was asking for the manager. 他要找经理。/ They asked me for help. 他们向我求助。
asleep adj. 睡着的：He seems to be asleep. 他好像睡着了。/ He was half asleep. 他似睡非睡。/ She fell[dropped] asleep during the meeting. 开会时她睡着了。
1.是表语形容词，一般不可以单独放在名词前作定语，不说 an asleep child，可改说an sleeping child。2.汉语的“睡得非常熟”，英语习惯上用 fast[sound] asleep，而不说 veryasleep。
assistant n.[C]助手，助理，助教：I need an assistant. 我需要一个助手。/ He was appointed as assistant in English. 他被聘为英语助教。adj.助理的，辅助的：He is an assistant editor. 他是助理编辑。
at prep. 1.在，从：He lives at 35 Manchester Road, London. 他住在伦敦曼彻斯特路35号。/ How many people were there at the lecture? 有多少人参加听讲坛？/ Everybody, we begin at page 50 today. 各位，大家今天从第50页开始。2.在：He never goes out at night. 他晚上从不出去。/ He got married at25. 他25岁时结婚。3.对，向，朝：You shouldn’t laugh at him. 你不应该嘲笑他。/ He aimed at the target carefully. 他仔细瞄准。4.做，忙于，正在：What are the children at? 孩子们在忙些什么？/ He was at dinner when I came. 我来时他正在吃饭。5.由于，由于…而：He was very angry at losing it. 把它丢失了，他非常生气。/ He was surprised at what she said. 听到她说的话，他非常吃惊。6.以：He bought it at50 dollars. 他以50USD的价格买下了它。/ It flies at
attack n.[C,U]攻击，进攻：Attack is the best form of defence. 攻击乃是最好的防御。2.[C]发作：a heart attack 心脏病发作 v. 进攻，攻击：They decided to attack at night. 他们决定晚上进攻。
attend v. 1.出席，参加：attend school 上学 / attend church 上教堂/ He didn't attend the meeting. 他没出席会议。2.看护，照料：attend the sick 照料患者 / Which doctor is attending you? 什么大夫在给你治疗? / Are you being attended to? 有人招呼你吗?
