Lesson 68 Persistent 纠缠不休
First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Why did Elizabeth tell Nigel that she was going to the dentist?
I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. I never enjoy meeting Nigel Dykes. He never has anything to do. No matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you. I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning.
'Hello, Nigel,' I said. 'Fancy meeting you here!'
'Hi, Elizabeth,' Nigel answered. 'I was just wondering how to spend the morning || until I saw you. You're not busy doing anything, are you?'
'No, not at all,' I answered. 'I'm going to...'
'Would you mind my coming with you?' he asked, before I had finished speaking.
'Not at all,' I lied, 'but I'm going to the dentist.'
'Then I'll come with you,' he answered. 'There's always plenty to read in the waiting room!
New words and expressions 生词和短语
persistent adj. 坚持的，固执的
avoid v. 避开
insist v. 坚持做
参考译文
我穿过马路以便避开他，但他看到我并朝我跑过来。若再装作没看见他已是没用了，我只好向他招手。我就怕遇见奈杰尔.戴克斯。他一直都是无事可做，不管你多忙，他一直坚持要跟你去。我得想方法不让他整个上午缠着我。
你好，奈杰尔，想不到在这儿见到你。我说。
你好，伊丽莎白，奈杰尔回答说，我正不了解如何消磨这一上午呢，正好见到你。你不忙，是吗？
不，不忙，我计划去......我回答。
我跟你一道去行吗？没等我说完话他就问道。
没关系，但我筹备去牙医那里。我说了个谎。
那我也跟你去，候诊室里总有不少东西可供阅读！他回答。
自学导读
1．I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. 我穿过马路以便避开他，但他看到我并朝我跑过来。
（1）avoid 与本课中出现的 enjoy, fancy, mind, finish等动词后面只跟名词性的宾语，即只跟名词或动名词：
They managed to avoid a car crash/crashing their car into the wall.
他们设法躲过了一块汽车撞车事故／防止了将车撞在墙上。
（2）running 引导的是分词短语，作状语，修饰 came，表示随着情况：
She ran after the thief shouting out for help.
她一边追赶小偷，一边大声喊叫求助。
2．It was no use pretending that I had not seen him若再装做没看见他已是没用了
这句话中，it是先行主语，真正的主语是 pretending 引导的动名词短语。It is (of) no use doing是个固定结构（其中的 of可省略），表示做也是徒劳的／无益的：
It is (of) no use worrying about your family.
为你的家人担忧是无益的。
3．No matter how busy you are不管你多忙
no matter可与疑问词 (how, who, when, where, what等)一块引导让步从句，表示无论：
No matter where you go, you can't forget your home.
无论你到哪儿，都没办法忘记我们的家。
No matter what I say, I seem to say the wrong thing.
无论我怎么说，都好像说得不当。
4．I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning. 我得想方法不让他整个上午缠着我。
think of在这里的意思是想出， way在这里表示方法， a way of后面的部分用于修饰 way。prevent表示阻止／制止时其常用结构为 prevent sb. from doing sth., from可以省略：
I can't prevent you from going if you want to.
你若是想去，我没办法阻止。
5．You're not busy doing anything, are you? 你不忙，是吧？
这是一个附加疑问句，又称反意疑问句，是由陈述句后面加简略疑问句构成。陈述句若是一定的，则附加疑问句一般用否定形式；陈述句若是否定的，则附加的疑问句用一定形式。陈述句中有助动词时，附加疑问句重复其中的助动词；假如没，则用do的各种形式构成：
John was angry, wasn't he?
约翰生气了，不是吗？（一定式+否定式）
He hasn't left, has he?
他没走，是吗？（否定式+一定式）
I can see him, can't I?
我可以见他，不是吗？（情态助动词作助动词）
You like it, don't you?
你喜欢它，不是吗？（没助动词时加do）
6．Would you mind my coming with you? 我跟你一道去行吗？
（1）Would/ Do you mind? 是一个用来表示客气的请求或征求建议的结构，其中可以用if引导的从句或动名词结构。表示赞同／不在意时，用No, not at all或Certainly not来回答；不认可时总是用一些委婉的说法，如 I'm sorry, but等回答，不需要yes, I do：
（2）假如动名词的动作实行者与句子的主语不同时，它前面可以加所有格形容词或宾格代词，作为动名词的逻辑主语（cf. 本课语法）：
I hope you won't mind my staying here.
我期望你不在意我呆在这儿。
语法 Grammar in use
动名词的一些使用方法
（1）在第20课的语法中，大家学习了动名词的基本形式和用途，在第44课的语法中，大家学习了动名词用于某些短语动词
（look forward to, be used to等）之后、一些表示爱好的动词（hate, love, prefer等）之后不定式与动名词有什么区别与 need 和want之后动名词的使用方法等：
I like watching TV.
我喜欢看电视。（一般行为）
I'd like to watch TV.
我（目前）想看电视。（特定）
The strap needs mending.
这提包带需要维修。（动名词在这里有被动的意思）
（2）有的动词后可以用动名词作宾语，但不可以用不定式。这类动词包含 avoid, admit, deny, fancy, finish, enjoy, mind（在乎，在乎），suggest, stand（容忍）等：
I tried to avoid meeting him.
我试图避开他。
I never enjoy meeting Nigel Dykes.
我就怕遇见奈杰尔戴克斯。
I haven't finished speaking yet.
我还没说完。
（3）有的结构一般要接动名词，如 busy, worth, it is no/little use, bored with, interested in, insist on, preventfrom等：
I'm busy making meat pies.
我正忙着做肉馅饼。
A Lancaster bomber in reasonable condition is worth rescuing.
一架情况还不错的兰开斯特轰炸机值得抢救。
He insisted on paying.
他坚持要付钱。
I'm interested in acting.
我对表演有兴趣。
（4）动名词可以有我们的逻辑主语（即动作实行者，而不是句子的主语）：
He insisted on my paying the bill.
他坚持要我付账。
I don't think the children enjoy your/his/John's singing.
我不觉得孩子们喜欢你／他／约翰唱的歌。
Please excuse his not writing to you.
请原谅他没给你写信。
Do you mind my smoking?
我可以吸烟吗？
Do you mind opening/my opening the door?
你／我可以开门吗？
（5）come和go之后可以跟与户外活动有关的动名词（climbing, driving, fishing, riding, shopping, walking等），表示建议、邀请或叙事：
Why don't we go swimming?
为何大家不去游泳呢？
Come dancing this evening.
今晚来跳舞吧。
Yesterday we went fishing.
昨天大家去钓鱼了。
（6）感知动词（hear, see, feel, watch等）后面既能够跟宾语加分词结构，也可以跟宾语加不带to的不定式。目前分词总是强调动作正在发生，用于叙述中时使人身临其境；不定式则可以表示动作发生了或过程结束了。有时它们之间有什么区别不大，可以互相替换用。试比较：
I watched him climb/climbing the tree.
我看到他爬树了。（不同不大）
词语学习 Word study
1．fancy vt.
（1）设想，想像：
Fancy meeting you here!
想不到在这儿见到你！
Fancy Ian not knowing the answer to such an easy question!
真想不到伊恩竟会不了解怎么样回答如此一个简单的问题！
（2）想要，喜欢（总是用于指个人喜好）：
I don't fancy going for a walk in the rain.
我不喜欢在雨中散步。
It's a fine day and I fancy driving down to the coast.
天气真好，我想开车去海边。
2．insist vt.,vi.
（1）坚持，坚决觉得：
He insisted that he was right.
他坚持他是对的。
He insists on the importance of the meeting.
他强调这个会议的重要程度。
（2）坚决倡导／需要，必须要：
I insist on speaking to the manager.
我坚决需要／必须要与经理谈话。
My wife insists that I (should) have my hair cut.
我老婆执意要我理发。
训练答案 Key to written exercises
1．重点句型训练答案
C (sample sentences)
1 It's no use trying to reason with him.
2 Let's go swimming.
3 Forgive my interrupting you.
4 Do you deny having taken/taking the money?
5 He came rushing towards me.
6 I'm busy writing letters.
7 I always enjoy going to the cinema.
8 Would you mind closing the door, please?
2．多项选择题答案
1b 2b 3c 4d 5b 6b
7b 8c 9c 10 c 11a 12a
New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★persistentadj. 坚持的，固执的
You are stubborn.
persist:坚持（不考虑阻拦一味的坚持）persist in doing sth.
insist:坚持（觉得、说、是人的一种态度） insist on doing sth.
perseverance:坚持不懈（褒义） persevere in
★avoidv. 避开
avoid doing sth.
★insistv. 坚持做
【课文解说】
avoid meeting
cross:(v.)穿过
across:(adv./prep)穿过
came running 向我跑过来
go shopping,go swimming,go skating
it is no use doing...做某件事情是没用处的
It is no use crying over the spilled millk.
enjoy doing
like,love,enjoy,appreciate
用不定式做定语，修饰anything
insists on coming
No matter :无论＋从句（要以特殊疑问词引导）
No matter how busy you are.
I had to think of a way of preventing
think of a way of doing :想一个作某事的办法
prevent do from doing sth :让某人不做某事
sTOP sb.from doing sth ;让某人不做某事
keep sb.from doing sth.
forbid sb.to do sth.
Fancy meeting you here?真想不到会在这里见到你！
fancy = imagine
fancy + 名词表示惊讶
不定式的复合结构，做宾语从句
be busy doing:忙着做某事
反意疑问句的回答，依据事实回答
finish doing
complete doing
Would you mind my coming with you?
mind + v.|ing
for sb.||逻辑主语
my ||形容词性物主代词
若是名词，就变成名词所有格
Would you mind my parents' having dinner with me?
Would you mind me opening the door?
mind+v.|ing
|ing 的逻辑主语，是四种形式，分两大类：
１．作为代词，可以用人称代词的宾格，又可以用形容词性物主代词。
２．作为名词，可以维持本身不变，也可以变成名词所有格
my|||me 可以互换
Would you mind my/me smoking?
Would you mind me making myself at Home?
【语法精粹】
４．动名词复合结构：由名词所有格或物主代词与动名词构成
His leaving is a great loss.
他的离去是一个非常大的损失
Mother dislikes my (me)working late.
母亲不喜欢我工作非常迟
John's having seen her did not make her worried.
约翰已经见到她的事实，没让她感到担忧
注：动名词复合结构多作主语或宾语，作主语是需要是所有格，（名词所有格、形容词性物主代词）。但作宾语时可以用所有格，也可用普通格
－ing前面出现逻辑，这个逻辑主语可以出现四种状况：
作代词：形容词性物主代词，人称代词宾格
作名词：名词所有格，普通格
那些词后面可以接动词|ing
介词，某些动词(avoid,enjoy,finish,it is no use,prevent sb.from,fancy,imagine,escape,risk,allow);
语法精粹：
３）宾语：下列动词须跟动名词作宾语：
admit,deny,appreciate,enjoy,avoid,complete,delay,fancy,finish,mind,practice,risk,suggest,allow,permit...
practice(n.)practise(v.)
advice(n.)advise(vt.) advise sb.to do/advise doing
insist on doing,persist in doing,persevere in doing
give up doing
特注：
以allow为列：allow+doing sth.(动名词作宾语），但可以：allow sb.to do sth.（不定式作宾语）
这种动词容易见到如：advise,allow,permit,recommend,etc.
Structure:
6...b...
insist on
insist + 从句（should +原形）
10...ｃ
salute :问候（军人向长官的）行军礼，敬礼
greet:问候
12...a...
lie to:向某人说谎
false:假的
lie:谎话 What she said was a lie.
9...c...
as if :好像，仿佛
make :制造，做
do as if (不这么用）
act as if
conduct as if (conduct+oneself:表现）
Summary writing:
Even though
When because
Composition
1...
As(由于）...whom(引导定语从句)...in order to (目的状语）
As there was a dentist nearby whow she knew well Elizabeth decided to go there in order to explain what had happened.
2....
While(时间）...and(并列的两个句子）
3...
After...and asked Nigel if...(间接引语）
After Elizabeth left,the dentist went into the waiting room and asked Nigel if he wanted to have his teeth ezamined.
